Analgesics

Uses Tramadol is used to relieve moderate to moderately severe pain, including pain after surgery. It is also used to treat pain severe enough to require opioid treatment and when other pain medicines did not work well enough or cannot be tolerated. The extended-release capsules or tablets are used for chronic ongoing pain. Dosage The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so. The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine. For chronic pain:For oral dosage form (extended-release capsules):Adults—At first, 100 milligrams (mg) once a day. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 300 mg per day.Children 12 years of age and older—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.Children younger than 12 years of age—Should not be used in these patients.For oral dosage form (extended-release tablets):Adults—At first, 100 milligrams (mg) once a day. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 300 mg per day.Children—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.For moderate to severe pain:For oral dosage form (solution):Adults—At first, 25 milligrams (mg) once a day. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 400 mg per day.Children younger than 12 years of age—Should not be used in these patients.For oral dosage form (tablets):Adults—At first, 25 milligrams (mg) per day, taken every morning. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed and tolerated. However, the dose is usually not more than 400 mg per day.Older adults over 75 years of age—At first, 25 mg per day, taken every morning. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed and tolerated. However, the dose is usually not more than 300 mg per day.Children 12 years of age and older—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.Children younger than 12 years of age—Should not be used in these patients. Warnings and Precautions In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For this medicine, the following should be considered: AllergiesTell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully. PediatricAppropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of Ryzolt™ in children younger than 16 years of age. Safety and efficacy have not been established. Conzip® extended-release capsules, Qdolo® oral liquid, and Ultram® tablets should not be used in children younger than 12 years of age. It should not be used to relieve pain after surgery removal of tonsils or adenoids in any children. Severe breathing problems and deaths have been reported in some children who received tramadol after tonsil or adenoid surgery. Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of tramadol extended-release tablets in the pediatric population. Safety and efficacy have not been established. GeriatricAppropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated geriatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of tramadol in the elderly. However, elderly patients are more likely to have unwanted side effects (eg, constipation, lightheadedness, dizziness, or fainting, stomach upset, weakness) and age-related liver, kidney, heart, or lung problems, which may require caution and an adjustment in the dose for patients receiving tramadol. BreastfeedingStudies in women breastfeeding have demonstrated harmful infant effects. An alternative to this medication should be prescribed or you should stop breastfeeding while using this medicine.

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Uses Paracetamol is a widely used pain reliever and fever reducer. It’s available over the counter (OTC) and is often combined with other medications. Dosage Adults and children over 12 years: 500 mg to 1000 mg (1–2 tablets) every 4–6 hours as needed Maximum: 4,000 mg (4 grams) in 24 hours Children (under 12 years): Dose depends on age and body weight Usual: 10–15 mg per kg every 4–6 hours as needed Maximum: Do not exceed 5 doses in 24 hours Infants (under 2 months): Use only under medical advice Warnings and Precautions Do NOT take paracetamol if you: Have severe liver disease Are allergic to paracetamol Are taking other medicines containing paracetamol (to avoid double-dosing) Overdose warning: Taking too much paracetamol can cause serious liver damage or death. Symptoms of overdose may appear late (nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, yellowing of skin/eyes)Before taking paracetamol: Tell your doctor if you have: Liver or kidney problems Alcohol use disorder Malnutrition Avoid alcohol while taking paracetamol — it increases liver toxicity risk. Be careful with combination medicines (like cold/flu syrups or tablets) — many already contain paracetamol.

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